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            "@value": "This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design—a two-phase design with quantitative survey (Phase 1) followed by qualitative semistructured interviews (Phase 2), plus expert evaluation (Phase 3). The objectives of this research were: 1) to diagnose the current perceived levels of five leadership styles— Information, Transformational, Ethical, Innovative, and Digital—among administrators in vocational colleges in Guizhou Province, China; 2) to develop a contextually  appropriate leadership style model tailored to these administrators; and 3) to evaluate  the adaptability and feasibility of the proposed model for implementation. The sample consisted of 205 teachers for the questionnaire survey, 14 administrators for semistructured interviews, and 12 experts for model evaluation. Research instruments included: 1) a questionnaire, 2) a semi-structured interview, and 3) an evaluation form. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. \nAddressing the lack of a contextually sensitive leadership model for  vocational college administrators in less developed western China, this study  constructed a five dimensional leadership development model comprising 33  actionable measures: Information leadership (7 measures, current M=3.72, SD=1.02), Transformational leadership (6 measures, M=3.73, SD = 1.05), Ethical leadership (6 measures, M=3.76, SD = 0.99), Innovative leadership (7 measures, M=3.74, SD=1.03), and Digital leadership (7 measures, M=3.72, SD=1.00). The model’s architecture (Figure 4.1) presents the five dimensions linked by synergistic relationships, with Ethical leadership serving as the normative foundation and Digital leadership as the  technological enabler.\nExpert evaluation confirmed the model’s high adaptability (M=4.42) and  feasibility (M=4.21), with Digital leadership rated most adaptable (M= 4.51). The model provides a context-sensitive framework that addresses the triple nexus of resource scarcity, cultural diversity, and digital transformation. It contributes to leadership theory  by demonstrating how Confucian-collectivist values moderate the expression of  Western-derived leadership constructs, and offers a replicable diagnostic tool for  vocational education governance in analogous ASEAN contexts.\n\nKeywords: Leadership style, Development model, Vocational colleges"
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